麗江土官木氏刻書考述

Woodblock Printing by the Mu Chieftains of Lijiang

土司刻書是中國出版史上值得重視的一部分，麗江土官木氏刻書是其中的代表。本文首先對前人言及的毛晉汲古閣代木增刻書等相關問題進行補正。在此基礎上，統計出木氏刻書一共34種。木氏刻書集中在木氏最為興盛的「木氏六公」時期，刻書地點不固定，刻書各工序也未必在同地進行。木氏刻書深受明代刻書時尚影響，版本特徵傾向於文人推崇的蘇州風格，亦少量保留質樸一面。木氏刻書的內容包括木氏著作、家族資料和宗教書籍，分別是受儒家「不朽」思想與宗教功德信仰的影響。木氏刻書在文字使用上與中國傳統私家刻書有別，不僅用漢文，同時使用少數民族語言文字。木氏刻書在中國出版史上佔有一席之地，在土司地區的文化認同上也具有代表性意義。

Woodblock printing activities of chieftain are worthy of attention in the history of publishing in China. The woodblock printing activities of the Mu (木氏) chieftains of Lijiang (麗江) is a representative case. This paper first clarifies some relevant problems which could not be solved by previous studies. According to the research statistics, there are up to 34 block-printed editions published by chieftain Mu. The woodblock printing activities of chieftain Mu took place during the reign of Six Masters in the Mu Family (木氏六公). The locations where these books were made were not fixed. The character of these editions is Suzhou (蘇州) style appreciated by Chinese traditional literati. Originating from Three Immortal Deeds of Confucianism and Buddhist concept of merits, these books can be divided into Mu’s works, historical materials for family and religious books. Chinese characters and minority writings both were applied in these books, which is different from other private printing. The woodblock printing activities of chieftain Mu not only holds a place in the history of publishing in China, but also is an important sign of cultural identity in Tusi (土司) areas.