人造社會性：從俗民方法學觀點初探人工智能如何作為一種社會現象

Artificial Sociality: Ethnomethodological Inquiry into Artificial Intelligence as a Social Phenomenon

社會學著重於關注行動者與社會的關係，其論述之有效性，部分奠基於人類仍是一獨特物種，在思想或行為上有別於其他生物有機體。人類智能與行為的獨特性，或可說是透過人與非人（其他有機體、技術物等）的互動所共構出來。1960年代開始，當科學家認為有可能打造出具有跟人類一樣思考與行為能力的機器時，「人之所以為人」的獨特性也開始受到挑戰。這個挑戰也對行動者與社會之間的那條界線提出了新的問題。本研究將透過俗民方法學的觀點及方法，將人工智能視為社會現象，進而探究如何可能將其放在社會學觀點中來進行討論。本研究也認為，俗民方法學觀點或可提供對人工智能科技之發展，以及將人工智能視為「非人社會行動者」的可能性上所具有的啟發。

This article focuses on the topic of artificial intelligence and its relation to sociological theory. There is no doubt that human intelligence is still unique in almost every way, compared to other organisms. The uniqueness of human intelligence presents itself in some aspects such as adaptability, plasticity, and creativity. This uniqueness emerges from the interactions between human and non-human objects. Things may have changed since the 1960s, when people not only started to imagine that they could build a machine that may think like humans, but also realized that they are capable of doing it, raising the question of what it means to be human, and blurring the boundary between social actor and society, which has been a traditional and presumptuous idea in sociological theory. In this article, the author adopts the viewpoint of ethnomethodology, reconstructs artificial intelligence as a social phenomenon, and puts it into the discussion of sociological theory. With ethnomethodology, the author expects to investigate how two kinds of intelligence interact and in what ways the answer may reframe the oldest questions of sociological theory:“what it means to be human”and“what it means to be social”.