論科研信用規制的法治路徑

On the Legal Approach to Academic Integrity Regulation

科研信用規製作為一種兼具道德寓意與法治思維且游走於公私兩域的治理模式，本質上是一種責任之治，其目的在於預防科技資源配置風險而非法律懲戒。我國科研治理沿襲由權力本位向權利本位再到責任本位的發展歷程。當前的科研信用規制以公權力為主導，重視制度理性建構而忽視科研責任的承擔與科研人員利益訴求、客觀能力、價值觀念等人性因素。科研信用規制法治化應以最優化科研責任承擔為旨趣，合理界定德性培育與制度理性、行政權力與專業權力的作用場域，並通過重塑科研人員的主體性、厘定科研失信行為界限、優化科研失信責任等規則設計，實現由傳統的“物本”性向“人本”性轉變，最終邁向更加凸顯主體性的公私法融合的科研治理新範式。

In the premise of trust, academic integrity management is a scientific research management model that combines ethics and the rule of law, and absorb the nature of public and private sphere. In essence, it is an accountability management. In China, the management of scientific research projects has experienced a developing process from the standard of power to the standard of right, and now tends to responsibility standard. The current academic integrity management is dominated by the standard of power and emphasizes the systematic rationality, while ignoring human factors such as scientific research responsibility, interest appeals of researchers, objective abilities and values. Therefore, for stepping up the academic integrity management, it should firstly take aim at optimizing the use of responsibility standard, and transform the idea from“material orientation”to“human orientation”. We should reshape the corresponding implementation mechanism, including emphasizing the status of researchers, clarifying the scope of academic misconduct, improving credit management procedure and punishment mechanism. For this purpose, we should accept a new paradigm that highlights the subjectivity of researchers to a greater degree.