論婚姻無效的法律效果

On the Legal Effect of Invalid Marriage

家事法中當事人的意思自治、家庭共同體以及社會公共利益三方面的複雜維度構成的價值秩序決定了無效婚姻與可撤銷婚姻法律後果的特殊性質。無效婚姻轉換為有效婚姻不僅包括當事人已達到法定婚齡的情形，還包括擬制血親關係解除後，不具有自然血親關係的平輩兄弟(堂、表)姐妹之間締結婚姻關係，以及前婚已經消滅，後婚轉換為有效婚姻的情形。在婚姻無效或者被撤銷的情況下，無過失方請求過失方承擔損害賠償的請求權基礎包括侵權責任與締約過失責任兩方面。婚姻被宣告無效或者被撤銷後當事人的財產關係原則上屬共同共有，這與離婚的法律後果極為相似。對於婚姻被宣告無效或者被撤銷之前當事人一方以夫妻名義對外負債的情形，應當在外觀主義下參照適用《民法典》第1064條關於夫妻共同債務的規範。

The value order composed of the autonomy of the parties, the family community and the social public interest in family law determines the special nature of the legal consequences of invalid marriage and revocable marriage. The conversion of an invalid marriage into a valid marriage not only includes the situation that has reached the legal age of marriage, but also includes the marriage relationship between siblings (cousins) who do not have a natural blood relationship after the dissolution of the fictitious blood relationship, and the situation where the former marriage has been eliminated and the subsequent marriage has been converted into a valid marriage. In the case of invalid or revocable of marriage, the basis of the right of non-faulted party to claim damages to the faulted party includes two aspects: tortious liability and contractual negligence liability. The property relationship between the parties after the marriage is declared invalid or revoked is in principle joint ownership, indicating that the legal consequences of marriage revocation are very similar to divorce. Before the marriage is declared invalid or revoked, one of the parties in the name of the husband and wife to the external debt, should be applied under the appearance of the Article 1064 in Civil Code on the norms of joint debt between husband and wife.