華人跨國網絡與文化認同的資本轉化探討：以馬來西亞砂羅越彭城劉氏公會為例

Capital Transformation of the Transnational Networks and Cultural Identity by Malaysian Chinese: An Example of the Sarawak Pan Chen Lau Clan Association in Sibu, Sarawak

馬來西亞華人社會組建血緣、地緣、業緣、文化娛樂等類型的社團。自1970 年代開始，血緣社團姓氏公會快速增長，源自昔日居住鄉區的各姓氏人士在經濟成長與大量遷居都市發展，轉以建構姓氏公會來凝聚同宗，並試圖建立跨越方言群的同宗連結。隨著1980 年代馬來西亞恢復與中國的往來，姓氏公會紛紛強化其與祖居地的聯繫，並建立跨國網絡，論述其文化認同，領導人物及文化媒介者藉此過程，將經濟資本轉化為象徵資本。並藉由文化資本的流通，重構其歷史記憶。
本文以馬來西亞砂拉越州詩巫的砂羅越彭城劉氏公會為例，從文獻考察與田野訪談，以象徵資本與文化資本為分析概念，探討其跨國網絡與文化認同的建構。劉氏公會透過三次撰修族譜，建立了兼具歷史深度及地理廣度的族譜資料，這也映照福州閩清劉氏族人在砂拉越的擴張與轉變過程。文化媒介者追尋祖先從河南、江蘇、福建福州到詩巫的遷徙路線，以印證族譜知識。透過世界劉氏聯誼大會及祭典，強化其祖鄉意識。近年來從影音記錄、網站建置、志書編纂，再現劉氏祖先的歷史，達成文化資本的積累與傳承。

The Malaysian Chinese community has organized various associations based on connections of clan (surname), locality, business, as well as culture and entertainment. Since the 1970s, the surname associations of consanguineous connections have grown rapidly. People who used to live in rural areas migrated to urban area after economic growth. They turned to establish surname associations to unite the same clan and tried to establish the same clan connection across dialect groups. As Malaysia resumed its ties with China in the 1980s, surname associations strengthened their ties to their specific ancestral homelands and established transnational networks and discourse of their cultural identities. Leaders and cultural mediators transformed their economic capital into symbolic capital through this process. They also reconfigure their historical narrative through the circulation of cultural capital.
This article takes the Sarawak Pan Chen Lau Clan Association in Sibu, Sarawak as an example, and explores the construction process of this transnational network and cultural identity through literature review and field interviews. The Lau Clan Association established genealogy data of historical depth and geographical breadth through three compilations of genealogy, which also reflects the expansion and transformation process of the Fuzhou Minqing Lau Clan in Sarawak. The cultural mediators traced the migration routes of their ancestors from Henan, Jiangsu, Fuzhou, Fujian to Sibu to confirm the knowledge of genealogy. They strengthen the awareness of their hometown through the World Conference of Liu Clan and ceremonies. In recent years, they represent the history of Liu's ancestors through audio-visual recording, website construction, and compilation of chronicles, so as to accumulate their symbolic capital and cultural capital.