以不正方法取得營業秘密之未遂犯──美國法著手犯的借鏡

Criminal Attempt of Improperly Acquiring Trade Secrets Under the Trade Secret Act—A Lesson from the Concept of“Attempt”Under the United States Criminal Law

本文意在參酌美國聯邦《經濟間諜法》（Economic Espionage Act, EEA）與《模範刑法法典》（Model Penal Code, MPC）第5.01條之著手犯之法制，來思考我國營業秘密法犯罪行為中的未遂犯意涵。本文指出意圖竊取他人營業秘密、並進而著手以不正方法取得他人之資訊者，只要該行為人以為到其所取得的資訊為營業秘密，其即應負未遂犯之責。該認識之成立可基於被害單位客觀上有執行營業秘密合理保密措施。

This article provides the definition of criminal attempt of stealing trade secrets under the Trade Secret Act through studying the United States’Economic Espio-nage Act and criminal attempt under Model Penal Code§5.01. This article argues that a person shall be held criminally liable for his attempt to acquire other’s trade secret by an unjust measure, as long as he knew the stolen information was a trade secret. Such knowledge may be inferred from circumstances showing that the own-er has implemented reasonable measures to protect its trade secrets.