物質成癮渴求之概念分析

Craving in Substance Addiction: A Concept Analysis

物質成癮渴求（craving in substance addiction）為目前物質成癮疾患用來辨識是否再次復發的重要預測因子，臨床中可藉行為療法、正念治療和運動等方式來減緩此感受。目前，學者對物質成癮渴求的定義仍缺乏一致的共識。國內、外雖已有許多文獻探討渴求的介入措施與成效，但將此觀念帶入於護理臨床實務中仍較少，亦缺乏對於物質成癮渴求概念的瞭解。本文依據Walker及Avant（2019）提出的概念分析方法，進行物質成癮渴求之概念分析，詮釋並闡述其中的定義性特徵、前置因子及後果，並透過列舉典型案例、邊緣案例、相關案例和相反案例以釐清概念。希冀能提供護理人員對於物質成癮渴求之概念的瞭解，並對於日後臨床照護相關的個案，可以更加的熟悉。

Craving in the context of substance addiction is considered an important predictor of substance addictive disorders and relapse risk. Behavior therapy, mindfulness, and exercise may be employed clinically to alleviate cravings. However, many scholars have offered various interpretations of craving in substance addiction. Despite these definitions sharing some overlapping elements, a consensus has yet to be reached. Although many studies have presented the effects of and interventions for craving to alleviate substance addiction, this issue has rarely been explored in the clinical nursing context, resulting in a lack of understanding of the concept of craving in substance addiction among nursing professionals. Therefore, based on the conceptual analysis approach proposed by Walker and Avant (2019), a conceptual analysis of craving in substance addiction was conducted in this study by interpreting and defining the characteristics, pre-factors, consequences, and effects of craving in substance addiction using examples of typical, borderline, related, and contrary cases. The findings are intended to help nurses gain a more comprehensive understanding of craving in substance addiction and become more familiar with cases requiring clinical care.