台灣地區製造業與服務業技術人力升級之研究

近年來，許多學者專家投入技術人力(skilled labor)與非技術人力(unskilled labor)的薪資差異擴大之研究，他們多數主張技術變動引起技術人力升級(skill upgrading)是造成薪資差異擴大的主因(Mincer, 1991；Katz and Murphy, 1992；Bound and Johnson, 1992；Berman, Bound and Griliches, 1994；Autor, Katz and Krueger, 1998)。

The main purposes of this paper are to examine the trends and forms of Taiwan’s industrial skill upgrading from the demand side, and to further analyze the sources of upgrading within and between industries, with a view to understanding the major factors involved in skill upgrading. The empirical data for the study is obtained from the statistical tables of the Industry, Commerce and Service Censuses conducted in 1986, 1991, 1996, and 2001.
The results of the study show that skill upgrading has occurred in both manufacturing and service industries in Taiwan, and generally to a greater extent in manufacturing than in services. Further decomposition of the skill upgrading reveals that, in manufacturing and service industries alike, it comes mainly from intra-industry upgrading, which suggests that technical change could be its prime generating force, and that technical change has a greater impact on skill upgrading in manufacturing than in service industries.