輪班照顧到遷移照顧：男性照顧者返鄉照顧歷程的社會脈絡初探

From Shift to Migration: An Exploratory Study on the Social Context of Men Returning to Their Hometowns to Care

本文欲了解已婚、育有子女且未屆退休年齡的男性獨自返鄉照顧的原因，原生與婚姻家庭在照顧遷徙中的影響力與後續變化。研究目的：1.探究男性返鄉照顧因素及照顧遷徙的決策。2.了解夾在原生與婚姻家庭的他們，其之照顧協調歷程及家庭動力變化與影響。3.探悉返鄉男性照顧者建立自我認同與照顧學習的過程。研究方法：深度訪談法收集5位，已婚、育有子女、擁有一位以上手足且獨自至外地返鄉擔任照顧者之男性，其擔任照顧者之年齡介於55至64歲，以其視角探悉家庭動力變化的樣態。研究結果：照顧由輪班照顧到遷徙照顧，遷徙決策與照顧協商的主軸從過往的「照顧者中心」轉向為「被照顧者中心」。其次，照顧一事，女性始終無法置身事外。女性手足婚後，面臨媳婦／女兒身分的斷裂，被「體貼」的排除在照顧分工之外。遠離照顧現場的妻子看似免於分擔公婆照顧，卻被期待獨留原地支撐與照顧婚姻家庭，負荷更勝以往。第三，男性透過建立照顧標準作業程序（Standard Operating Procedures, SOPs）等發展出男子氣概的照顧行為，展演性別照顧的另一種想像。

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the influence of primary and marital families on men’s migration for care. Aims: (1) identifying the reasons why male family caregivers who are married with children and under the age of 65 return to their hometowns alone to care for their parents; (2) understanding the coordination of caregiving roles within the primary and marital families; (3) analyzing the changes in family dynamics due to caregiving; (4) mapping the process of learning caregiving and rebuilding self-identity. Design and methods: In-depth interviews were conducted from February to April 2021 with five men that were married with children and had returned to their hometown alone as caregivers. They had more than one sibling and were aged 55-64. Results: First, the consideration of care migration has shifted from“caregiver-centered”to“care recipient-centered.”Secondly, married female siblings are“thoughtfully”excluded from the division of caregiving in a patriarchal system. Daughters-in-law do not assume care but support the marital family independently. Thirdly, male family caregivers try to establish caregiving Standard Operating Procedures, (SOPs), to demonstrate the masculinization of caregiving behaviors.