上海二十世紀十至二十年代石印出版業的發展與寶卷文學形式的變遷：出版業與中國俗文學發展的關係初探

The Lithographic Printing and the Development of Baojuan Genre in Shanghai in the 1900-1920s: On the Question of the Interaction of Print Technology and Popular Literature in China (Preliminary Observations)

二十世紀初，上海的一些出版社專門印刷寶卷的石印本。寶卷原來是作為講唱文學的腳本，在明清時期盛行。現如今，有關的研究主要討論寶卷文獻的內容與寶卷文學的講唱方式，很少涉及到寶卷發行的文本形式與出版業發展之間的關係。本文透過寶卷文獻的變遷史進一步探討其與石印出版業之間的關係，嘗試補充說明當代有關寶卷文獻的傳播的研究成果。 上海出版的石印本的寶卷與當時的或更早的木刻本寶卷有很多不同之處，其區別在於文本的形式（書籍用到的書法文體、插圖）、內容及其社會功能。石印本寶卷不便於説唱，而適於閲讀。這裡表明，石印本的出現是伴隨著寶卷的用途的變化，即寶卷不僅僅作為講唱的腳本，還能作為一種讀物。並且石印寶卷的出版與木刻本相比較更為專業化，也傾向於商業化。

The 19th century saw the advance of new print technology (lithographic press) in China. Many lithographic editions of baojuan (precious scrolls), the texts with primarily religious contents originally intended for oral presentation, were produced at the beginning of the 20th century. This paper deals with the connection of development of the lithographic print in Shanghai and the development of baojuan literary genre. Baojuan had been printed in woodblock technique long before the introduction of lithography. The paper addresses the question whether the use of new technique influenced the development of baojuan literature. It discusses the changes in contents, form, and usage that one can see in lithographic baojuan. Lithographic baojuan were popular-oriented reading materials rather than scripts of ritual storytelling. This transformation also led to the commercialization of baojuan editions. The author also tried to trace the signs of actual use of lithographic baojuan. The paper discusses the specific place of this type of text in the market of fiction at the beginning of the 20th century. Significantly, the intended readership and audience of baojuan included people with modest educational level, especially those among children and women.