試論先秦諸子寓言中的「宋人」形象

On the “song－ren” of Pre－Qin fables

在本文中，筆者考察《孟子》、《莊子》、《韓非子》，以及《呂氏春秋》等書，探析其寓言中的「宋人」形象。作者們不約而同地賦予「宋人」一種負面的、愚笨的形象，然而，同樣是愚者形象，卻導因於不同的性格特徵：一是短視近利，識見不明；二是因循守舊，不知變通；三是不聽勸告，親內疑外；四是見事不明，未知其故；五是敝帚自珍，得意洋洋；這類的「宋人」故事，雖多半出於諸子作品，然而，其影響層面卻不侷限在哲理典籍，對後世文學創作來說，亦是提供了極佳的書寫素材。

This discourse is about the “song－ren” images in Pre－Qin Zhuzi’s fables. The authors of fables dowered “song－ren” with apish images.The apish images are due to different dispositions.Firstly, the apish image of “song－ren” is due to mercenary disposition. Secondly, the apish image of “song－ren” is due to fogeyish disposition. Thirdly, the apish image of “song－ren”is due to that he do not act on other people’s advices. Fourthly, the apish image of “song－ren”is due to that he can not find where the shoe pinches . At length, the apish image of “song－ren”is due to that he glories in culch.