相對濕度及馴化週數對蝴蝶蘭組培苗出瓶生長之影響

Effects of Relative Humidity and Acclimation Times on Deflasked Plantlets Growth of Phalaenopsis in vitro

蝴蝶蘭為我國重要外銷花卉之一，主要以外銷種苗為主，其生產過程需經組培苗、小苗、中苗及大苗等階段。因此，本試驗探討臺灣北部標準溫室內春季及夏季相對濕度及馴化週數對大白花蝴蝶蘭組培苗出瓶後生長的影響，期提昇蝴蝶蘭瓶苗出瓶之育成率。將蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian‘V3’)出瓶之小苗定植於直徑5 cm塑膠軟盆，栽培於相對濕度70%及90%的環境內，經馴化1、2、3、4及12週後，移至標準溫室栽培等處理，對照組則為出瓶小苗不經馴化直接定植於標準溫室栽培。於春季栽培20週和夏季栽培16週後結束試驗。結果顯示，春季栽培育成率除於相對濕度90%馴化1、3週處理與對照組及夏季的相對濕度70%與90%馴化2週處理的育成率為98%外，其餘處理育成率皆可達100%。故建議春季栽培以相對濕度70%馴化2週、與夏季栽培以相對濕度90%馴化1週，再移至標準溫室栽培，除育成率達100%外，植株之根長、鮮重、乾重及地上部乾重表現均較佳。

Phalaenopsis is one of the most important export flowers in Taiwan, mainly in form of seedlings. The production course goes through the stages of tissue culture plantlets, small seedlings, medium seedlings and large seedlings. This study investigated the effects of relative humidity and acclimation time in spring and summer on the de-flasked plantlets growth of P. Sogo Yukidian‘V3’to improve the survival rate in standard greenhouses in northern Taiwan. De-flasked seedlings were planted in 5 cm plastic soft pots in a small greenhouse with relative humidity (RH) 70% and 90%, and acclimated for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 12 weeks. The acclimated seedlings were then grown in a general standard greenhouse for 20 weeks in spring and 16 weeks in summer, respectively. Plantlets directly transplanted to the standard greenhouse without acclimation were set as control. The results showed that the survival rate 98% was obtained from the treatments with RH 90% and acclimation of 1 and 3 weeks, control in spring planting, and treatments with RH 70% and 90% and acclimation of 2 weeks in summer. While survival rate 100% was obtained from all other treatments. Therefore, it is suggested to plant and acclimate the de-flasked plantlets of P. Sogo Yukidian‘V3’under RH 70% for 2 weeks in spring and under RH 90% for 1 week in summer before transplanting to a standard greenhouse for further growth in northern Taiwan, not only for complete survival but also for better root length, fresh weight, dry weight and dry weight of the orchid plants.