評估臺灣漁會經營效率──應用共同邊界資料包絡分析法與Malmquist生產力指數

Evaluation of Operational Efficiency of Fishermen’s Associations in Taiwan: A Metafrontier Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index Approach

臺灣漁會長期以來對漁業經濟發展扮演著重要角色，其經營良窳除攸關漁會的健全發展，也會影響漁村經濟以及漁民福祉。為瞭解漁會經營效率的情況，本文以2011年至2019年臺灣24家漁會作為樣本，採用共同邊界資料包絡分析法和Malmquist生產力指數衡量漁會經濟、金融，以及服務部門的經營效率與生產力，並運用組織規模區分漁會以探討在不同組織規模下漁會效率與生產力差異的原因。實證結果顯示：(1)漁會金融部門占整體盈餘比例逐漸下降，而經濟部門則明顯提升，顯示近年來漁會經營重心已有所轉變；(2)共同邊界資料包絡分析結果顯示，大規模漁會的效率值表現最佳；(3)共同邊界Malmquist生產力指數分析結果顯示，經濟與金融事業部門生產力有所改善，惟大規模與中規模漁會在服務事業部門呈現退步之現象。研究結果除提供給漁會組織改善經營效率之策略參考，也提供政府部門擬定輔導漁會經營管理之政策建議。

Fishermen’s associations have long been key to the fisheries economy of Taiwan. Their management quality is vital for their sound development and affects the economies of fishing villages and the well-being of fishers. This study investigated 24 fishermen’s associations in Taiwan from 2011 to 2019 to understand their operational efficiency. The study used metafrontier data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist index to measure the operational efficiency and productivity of their economic, financial, and services departments. Moreover, the study distinguished fishermen’s associations according to their organizational sizes to investigate the causes of the differences in the efficiency and productivity of fishermen’s associations of different sizes. The empirical results are outlined as follows: (1) Fishermen’s associations have shifted their focus because the proportion of these associations’overall surplus allocated to financial departments has decreased, whereas that allocated to economic departments has significantly increased. (2) The metafrontier data envelopment analysis results revealed that large fishermen’s associations were the most efficient. (3) According to the metafrontier Malmquist index analysis, productivity has improved across economic and financial departments but declined in the service departments of large and medium-sized fishermen’s associations. The study findings can serve as a reference for fishermen’s associations in designing strategies for improving their operational efficiency; the findings can also serve as a reference for government agencies in developing policy recommendations to guide the operation and management of these associations.