綠島珊瑚礁社會生態系統治理：尺度錯置與其影響

Governance of the Green Island’s Coral Reef Social-Ecological System: Scale Mismatch and its Impacts

全世界各地的珊瑚礁生態系統在人類世中遭遇到嚴重之破壞危機，台灣亦然，然而我國對於珊瑚礁社會生態系統治理的研究，卻仍相當缺乏。綠島為台灣珊瑚礁生物多樣性最高的地點之一，本文以綠島珊瑚礁社會生態系統為研究個案，探討自1990至2021年的治理過程與現行之治理結果，分析現行治理體制與行動所顯現的治理缺口。研究結果顯示，當前的治理體制明顯呈現空間、時間及功能等三類尺度錯置的問題。這個問題的根源在於，目前治理體制中的各機構、組織或個別保育行動者，其功能是分散不全的、也欠缺具系統觀之協調整合，而且在職權、量能上僅能推動在空間與時間尺度上小尺度的治理作為。所導致的結果是，這個本質上屬小尺度的治理體制，經常缺乏職權與量能去處理更大系統尺度之議題，例如全球氣候變遷所導致的衝擊。本研究建議，為解決尺度錯置的問題，綠島珊瑚礁治理體制可以朝向多尺度的、以及廣納多方權益關係人的協同治理體制方向修正。

Coral reef ecosystems worldwide, including those in Taiwan, have experienced a crisis of degradation during the Anthropocene. However, research on the governance of coral reef social-ecological systems in Taiwan is lacking. Green Island is among the locations with the greatest coral reef biodiversity in Taiwan. This paper presents a case study of the governance of the social-ecological system of Green Island’s coral reefs. Specifically, the study examined the governance process and outcomes for the period from 1990 to 2021, analyzed current governance institutions, and identified governance gaps. The results revealed three types of scale-mismatch problems in current governance institutions: spatial, temporal, and functional mismatch problems. The root of these problems lies in the fact that the functions of various institutions, organizations, or individual conservation actors under the current governance regime lack systemic coordination and integration. Moreover, these stakeholders have the authority and capacity to implement only small-scale governance measures within certain spatial and temporal boundaries. Therefore, this small-scale governance regime is often unable to address larger system-scale problems, such as the impacts of global climate change. To address scale-mismatch problems, Green Island coral reef governance institutions should form a multiscale and collaborative governance regime that includes multiple stakeholders.