運用空間動態疏散模型改善傳統公有市場的安全疏散策略

Construct a Dynamic Evacuation Simulation Model for the Safety of Traditional Public Market

傳統公有市場是人潮眾多的公共場所，緊急情況下之疏散逃生易造成人潮推擠事故。我國傳統公有市場眾多，且大部分位於密閉室內空間，設計規劃時出入口數較少、攤位密集、走道狹窄、招牌混亂不易辨識，故在疏散逃生時較難識別緊急出口，尤其傳統公有市場消費者多為高齡長者等行動不便族群。在緊急情況發生時，如何有效提升疏散逃生水準且降低人潮群聚推擠風險，乃社區公共安全不可忽視之重要課題。本研究旨在探討如何運用空間動態疏散模型改善傳統公有市場的安全疏散策略，研究中透過傳統公有市場基礎資料調查，如二維平面圖、建築屬性資料、人流數據、於現地勘查調查人員的行為模式、人員分布、避難空間特徵等資料，然後使用疏散模擬工具Pathfinder，建置傳統公有市場空間模型，於情境下模擬人員避難逃生動態過程，藉此探討我國公有市場室內空間於疏散逃生的時間，不同空間人潮群聚高密度衝擊影響與設施服務水準，最終提出改進措施。此一方法兼顧量性資料與質性觀察、硬體（建物）與軟體（人類行為）資料、實際經驗與模擬結果，涵蓋多方優勢，故可提供予其他市場在執行風險評估作業時參考。

Traditional public markets are popular gathering places that can pose a risk during emergencies due to their crowded nature. Many of these markets in Taiwanare located in enclosed indoor spaces. They have few entrances and exits, dense stalls, narrow passageways, and confusing signage which make it difficult to evacuate safely during emergencies. These poor designs are particularly challenging for traditional public markets where consumers are often the elderly who have limited mobility.This study aims to use a spatial dynamic evacuation model to investigate how to achievesafety evacuation in traditional public markets. By surveying these markets, relevant information such as spatial models, mobileflow data, and human behavior patterns areobtained. Thesimulation tool Pathfinder is used to create a spatial model that simulates the market evacuation process and explores the impact of different factors on evacuation time and pedestrian density. Finally, this study proposesmeasures to enhance the evacuation efficiency of traditional public markets.Themethod proposed in this study integrates quantitative and qualitative data, hardware (buildings) and software (human behavior) data, practical experience, and simulation results, covering multiple advantages. Therefore, it can provide reference for other traditional public markets in performing risk assessment.