高亨《古字通假會典》商榷

Discussion on Gao Heng's Gu Zi Tong Jia Hui Dian

《古字通假會典》是現當代第一本全面介紹古書通假的大型工具書，影響極大，是高亨積數十年心力，其弟子董治安等通力合作所編纂的。書中引用資料豐富，參考220餘種古籍（包括40餘本字書），網羅古籍通用原始資料，依照古韻19部，系統匯集983條聲系，15,000條通用條目，100,000個異文例證，雖題名為《古字通假會典》，其實對研究各種通用字都大有助益，不僅通假字為然。該書內容收錄15,000個通用子目，真正屬於通假字的可能不超過四分之一，其餘是各種字詞類型的通用字。名實不符，很容易導致誤會、誤用。故本論文從書名、編排體例、聲韻系統及其字例所引的〈爾雅音義〉書證分別進行檢討，除了通假例之外，亦舉出書中的異體字、古今字、同源詞、聯綿詞例，希望釐清各種字詞類型的關係，能提供讀者甄別的參考。

Gu Zi Tong Jia Hui Dian is the first modern and contemporary reference book to comprehensively introduce the ancient book borrowed graph, which has a great influence, it is a large-scale reference book compiled by Gao Heng who spent many years of effort and his student Dong Zhian worked together to compile it. The materials cited in the book are very rich, refer to more than 220 kinds of ancient books (including more than 40 dictionaries), and include common original materials of ancient books.
According to 19 ancient rhymes, the system collects 983 sound systems, 15,000 general items, and 100,000 examples of different texts. Although the title of the book is Guzi Tong jia hui dian, it is actually very helpful for the research of various common characters, not only Tongjia characters. The content of this book contains 15,000 general subheadings, of which no more than a quarter are truly tongjia characters, and the rest are general characters of various word types. Inconsistent name and reality can easily lead to misunderstanding and misuse. Therefore, this paper reviews the documentary evidence of Erya Yinyi cited in the title, layout style, phonological system and its character examples. In addition to allograph examples of variants, ancient and modern graphs, cognates graph , and two alliterated words for example. I hope to clarify the relationship between various word types and provide a reference for readers to distinguish.