《國語》釋詞五則

Interpretations of Five Phrases in GuóYǔ

本文討論《國語》五處可商榷文詞，一是〈周語上〉「司商協民姓」與〈晉語四〉「利器明德，以厚民性」之「民姓」應讀「民生」，「民生」泛言人民生活所需財用——包含工具、物資與財物等。「司商」乃管理商業之官，「司商協民姓」謂司商掌握民生物資之多寡，藉此可知人民數量。二是〈齊語〉「政不旅舊，則民不偷」之「旅」，於此釋為「寄寓」，言政事不可寄寓舊人。三是〈晉語六〉「使勿兜」之「兜」，字形應作「𠑹」，據出土材料實是「卵」字。「卵」讀「䜌」訓「亂」，「使勿𠑹」言「使勿亂」。四是〈晉語七〉「使臣狃中軍之司馬」之「狃」，應讀「羞」而解作提升、拔擢，乃命魏絳進任中軍之司馬。五是〈吳語〉「夫申胥、華登簡服吳國之士於甲兵」之「簡」，此「簡」應釋為檢閱而「服」有「習」義。全句指吳大夫申胥與華登檢閱與訓練吳國披堅執銳之士，未嘗有折損之情事。

There five phrases need to be discussed more in“GuóYǔ.”The first are the sentences“Sīshāng xiémín xìng”in“Zhōu YǔShàng”and“Lìqìmíng dé, yǐhòu mín xìng”in“Jìn YǔSì.”The two phrases“mín xìng”should be read as“mín shēng.”It refers to the needs of people’s life including tools, supplies, and possessions.“Sī-shāng”is an official who manages business affairs. The sentence“Sī-shāng xiémín xìng”means“Sī-shāng”masters the amount of people's livelihood resources; therefore, he could get the precise number of population by this method. The second is the sentence“Zhèng bùlǚjiù, zémín bùtōu”in“QíYǔ.”The word“lǚ”could be interpreted as the verb“jìyù.”In other words, when recommending government affairs, you cannot be entrusted to people you know. The third is the phrase“shǐwùdōu (兜)”in“Jìn YǔLiù.”The word“兜”should be“𠑹”. According to the unearthed materials, it is actually the word“卵”. The word“卵”should pronounce as“luán.”It is interpreted as the verb“confuse”; therefore, the phrase“shǐwùluàn (𠑹)”means“do not get confused with something or someone.”The fourth is the sentence“shǐchén niǔ(狃) zhōng jūn zhīSī-mǎ”in“Jìn YǔQī.”The word“niǔ(狃)”should pronounce as“xiū.”It means to let someone get promotion or to select the best person for promotion. The whole sentence means Wèi Jiàng was ordered to promote to the Sī-mǎ(General) of the Central Army. The fifth is the sentence“FūShēn-xū, HuáDēng jiǎn fúWúguózhīshìyújiǎBing”in“WúYǔ.”The word“jiǎn”should be interpreted as“to review the troops.”The word“fú”means to train. The whole sentence refers to the fact that Shēn-xū(Dàfūof WúState) and Hua Deng reviewed and trained the Wú’s strong and determined warriors who never lost a battle.