論因際法的“數字化轉型”──兼評《國際法的數字挑戰》白皮書

The ''Digital Transformation'' of International Law: Comments on the White Paper on Digital Challenges for International Law

邁進數字時代，大量數字化新領域新議題給國際法帶來了新的挑戰。國際法協會法國分會發佈了《國際法的數字挑戰》白皮書，提出公私界限模糊、網絡空間國際法論辯的政治性和數字鴻溝三大挑戰，以及值得進一步辯論和研究的問題，為思考數字時代國際法的走向提供了參考。實質上，為適應數字技術的發展以及非國家行為體功能地位的上升，現代國際法在國際造法和淵源、國際法律關係和實體規則、實施和遵守層面都面臨著全方位轉型升級的需要，主要表現為：網絡空間國際造法在一定程度上呈現“國退民進＂的態勢，國際法淵源逐漸在社交媒體中興起；非國家行為體的網絡行動衝擊著國家間法律關係，國際法實體規則面臨內涵重塑和轉型升級；數字技術為國際法的實施提供新的工具和方案。總體而言，數字時代國際法的轉型升級既有機遇也有挑戰，需要審慎對待。

Stepping into the digital age, a large number of new digital fields and issues have brought new challenges to international law. The French branch of the International Law Association has released a white paper entitled ''Digital Challenges for International Law'', proposing three major challenges of blurring lines between public and private actors, the politics of debates on international law in cyberspace and the digital divide, as well as some questions worthy of further debate and research, providing a useful reference for thinking about the trend of international law in the digital age. In essence, in order to adapt to the development of digital technology as well as the rise of the function and status of non-state actors, modem international law is faced with the need of all-round transformation and upgrading in terms of international lawmaking and sources of international law, international legal relations, substantive rules, implementation and compliance, which are mainly manifested as: to some extent, international lawmaking of cyberspace presents the trend of ''the state retreats and the people advance'', the source of international law are gradually emerging in social media; the cyber operations of non-state actors are impacting the legal relations between states, the substantive rules of international law are facing the connotation reshaping, transformation and upgrading; and digital technology provides new tools and schemes for the implementation of international law. Overall, the transformation and upgrading of international law in the digital age entail both opportunities and challenges, which need to be treated with caution.