我國專利政府使用制度的適用困境與完善建議

The Application Dilemma of Government Use of Patent and Its Improvement Suggestions

專利強制許可制度作為《TRIPS協定》為實現公共政策目標而設置的靈活性安排，由於存在諸多程序限制等原因而造成實施上的不靈活，這阻礙了對緊急危機的應對。作為強制許可類型之一，專利政府使用制度在危機應對上具有程序便捷和政府主導的天然優勢，但這種優勢卻因該制度的法律框架不完善而無法充分發揮。具體來說，我國專利政府使用制度在立法層面存在欠缺配套立法、實施程序未做分類以及參與主體職權不明等問題。考慮到專利政府使用制度作為危機應對的重要工具之一且現實中危機頻發，有必要對我國專利政府使用制度的配套立法予以完善、分類設置其具體實施程序並明確參與主體的職能劃分。

Compulsory licensing in the patent system, as a flexible arrangement under the TRIPS Agreement to achieve public policy objectives, has been hampered by a number of procedural restrictions that have resulted in implementation inflexibility and therefore hindered emergency crisis response. The government use regime, as a type of compulsory licence, has the natural advantage of being procedurally simple and government-led in crisis response. However, this advantage is often not exploited due to the inadequate legal framework of the system. Specifically, at the legislative level, there is a lack of supporting legislation, unclassified implementation procedures and unclear powers of the participating parties. In view of the fact that the government use of a patent is one of the most important tools for crisis response and the frequent occurrence of crisis in reality, it is necessary to improve the supporting legislation for the patent government use system in China, to classify the specific implementation procedures and to clarify the division of functions of the participating parties.