國際法院指示臨時措施研究

Research on Provisional Measures Indicated by the International Court of Justice

作為國際法院在訴訟過程中的一種附帶程序，指示臨時措施的實踐在冷戰後增長迅速。國際法院指示臨時措施須滿足具備初步管轄權、隨後所作判決主體的權利面臨直接危險等條件。被請求國不出庭，不妨礙國際法院指示臨時措施。國際法院指示的臨時措施，有一些未能得到當事國的執行，有一些可能提前介入案件的實質階段。從當事國的角度，啟動該程序可能確實出於情勢緊急之需要，也可能是出於訴訟策略的考慮。從國際法院的角度，需要對指示臨時措施的程序加以完善。

As an incidental procedure in the litigation process, the instructing of provisional measures by the International Court of Justice is increasing rapidly since the end of the Cold War. The indication of provisional measures must meet the following requirements: (1) the ICJ has prima facie jurisdiction; (2) the subject of contending cases are facing direct danger, etc. The failure of the requested countries to appear in the Court does not prevent the ICJ from instructing provisional measures. Some of the provisional measures ordered by the ICJ have not been implemented by the countries concerned, and some may be intervened early in the substantive stage of the case. From the perspective of the countries concerned, the initiation of the procedure of indicating provisional measures should indeed be in urgent need of the situation, or it may be based on their litigation strategy or tactical considerations. From the perspective of the ICJ, the procedure of the indicating of provisional measures needs to be reformed and improved.