ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能的刑事責任問題研究

Research on Criminal Liability Issues of Generative Artificial Intelligence Such as ChatGPT

ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能的出現意味著人工智能的“技術奇點” 越來越近。GPT-4 及更進一步的生成式人工智能已經觸及了強人工智能的邊緣，使我們真真切切地感受到強人工智能時代“未來已來”。ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能具有一定的邏輯推理能力和創造能力，甚至還具有通過其自身獨立進行編程的能力，從而擁有脫離人類的獨立意識和自主意志的可能性。對ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能進行刑法學研究刻不容緩。根據不同的標準，可以對ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能可能引發的犯罪類型進行多種分類。以相關行為符合的罪名和行為類型為標準，ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能可能涉及的犯罪可分為煽動類犯罪，侵犯知識產權類犯罪，侵犯數據、信息、計算機信息系統類犯罪，侵犯公民人身權利類犯罪，以及傳授犯罪方法、提供犯罪程序類犯罪等。比人腦更“聰明”且具有獨立意識和自主意識的人工智能無疑會對現有刑法理論和刑罰體系造成巨大衝擊。

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT means that the technical singularity of artificial intelligence seems to have appeared. GPT-4 and further generative artificial intelligence have touched the edge of strong artificial intelligence, making us truly feel that the era of strong artificial intelligence the future has come. Generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT has certain logical reasoning ability and creative ability, and even has the ability to program independently through generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT itself, so it has the possibility of independent consciousness and independent will from human beings. It is urgent to conduct criminal law research on generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT. According to different classification standards, we can classify the types of crimes that may be caused by generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT. Based on the crimes and behavior types that the relevant behaviors meet, the types of crimes that may be involved in generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT include: incitement crimes; intellectual property infringement crimes; data, information, and computer information system infringement crimes; violations of citizens̓ personal rights crimes; crimes of teaching criminal methods and providing criminal procedures, etc. Artificial intelligence, which is more smart than the human brain and has independent consciousness and autonomous consciousness, will undoubtedly have a huge impact on the existing criminal law theory and penalty system.