政策出罪的法理表述與完善邏輯

經由我國基本／具體刑事（司法）政策以及刑事司法（體制）改革、刑事司法試點工作等通道，發展出廣泛而多元的出罪實踐，逐漸形塑了我國經由刑事政策出罪的本土經驗與邏輯，可歸結為政策出罪。它是中國出罪體系的特殊組成部分，相對獨立於其他出罪機制。政策出罪以“政策”為核心或者主要的支撐理據，有特定且專屬的運作機理。在實施中，因政策出罪的運作機理等內外因素，也會出現合法性的隱憂等關聯性制度困題。應優先建立合法性的說理機制，闡明政策出罪的刑法根據或者實體根據、政策出罪與程序出罪的耦合邏輯、政策出罪與其他出罪機制的協同關係，制定衝突協調的上位規則。應細化政策出罪的一般類型化規則，闡明主要情形的特定適用細則，增強出罪路徑的規範化。應從政策運用不能超越刑法、權力裁量需保持審慎、避免混同政策出罪與程序分流等方面，精准管控政策出罪的外溢風險。

Through the basic/specific criminal (judicial) policies, criminal justice (system) reform, and criminal judicial pilot work in China, a wide range of and diverse criminal practices have been developed, gradually shaping China􀆳s local experience and logic of criminal convictions through criminal policies, which can be described as policy decriminalization. It is a special component of China􀆳s criminal conviction system and is relatively independent of other criminal conviction mechanisms. Policy decriminalization take “policy” as the core or main supporting reason, and have a specific and exclusive operating mechanism. During implementation, due to internal and external factors such as the operating mechanism of policy decriminalization, there will also be related system problems such as hidden concerns about legitimacy. Priority should be given to establishing a reasoning mechanism for legality, clarifying the criminal law basis or substantive basis of policy decriminalization, the coupling logic of policy decriminalization and procedural decriminalization, the synergistic relationship between policy decriminalization and other decriminalization mechanisms, and formulating superior rules for conflict coordination. The general classification rules for policy decriminalization should be refined, and the specific applicable rules for the main situations should be clarified to strengthen the standardization. The use of criminal policies should not go beyond the criminal law, the discretion of the power that policy crimes rely on must be prudent and moderately restrained, and policy decriminalization should not be just a direct product of procedural diversion, etc., to accurately control the possible spillover risks of policy decriminalization.