專門管轄制度研究

在我國，專門管轄是指根據案件類型在同一轄區內的地方法院、專門法院以及不同類型的專門法院之間分配民商事一審案件的管轄權，其與級別管轄並行，同屬事物管轄的概念範疇。不過，即便將我國的專門管轄歸入事物管轄的概念範疇，專門管轄的性質亦與大陸法系國家例如德國或奧地利的事物管轄的性質有別，而是具有專屬性，當事人不得通過明示協議或應訴管轄的途徑對其進行創設或變更。同時，專門管轄在審查和移送等方面亦更接近於德國或奧地利的訴訟途徑管轄，而非事物管轄。因此，為了避免與加快解決專門管轄衝突，我國未來有必要參照比較法上有關訴訟途徑管轄的規範對專門管轄的審查和移送作出特別規制。

In China, special jurisdiction means that special courts and general courts have different jurisdiction over civil and commercial cases in the first instance and it is a kind of subject-matter jurisdiction. That being said, it is different from the correspondent institution in Germany or Austria in that the parties may not change or exclude it by written or silent jurisdiction agreement. As to its examination and transfer, the special jurisdiction is close to the Rechtswegzuständigkeit in Germany or Austria, but much different from the subject-matter jurisdiction. Legal provisions over examination and transfer of the special jurisdiction are completely necessary in order to avoid the conflict between courts of special jurisdiction and courts of general jurisdiction.