中國憲法學自主知識體系的歷史建構

歷史主義是構建、識別、塑造憲法學知識的體系性、自主性與中國性的重要途徑。中國憲法學自主知識體系的建構端賴于憲法學研究的歷史轉向。通過對百年來憲法學文獻的全面梳理，可以發現中國憲法學沿著知識發生學的演進脉絡，逐漸形成了以學術體系、學科體系與話語體系爲主幹的知識框架。其中，學術體系是知識體系的核心，包括以“憲法”爲起點的概念體系，以“立憲主義”爲內核的原理體系和以“解釋學”爲根基的方法體系。學科體系是知識體系的根本依托，由中國憲法學等傳統學科，部門憲法學等法學內部交叉學科，以及科技憲法等新興交叉學科共同構成。話語體系則代表了知識體系的價值凝練與傳播，已基本形成了以社會主義爲內核的價值共識，但在國際話語權方面尚顯薄弱。隨著中國憲法學自主知識框架的基本形成，如何在此基礎上扎實推進憲法學基礎理論研究，積累中國自主的憲法學知識將成爲未來憲法學研究的重要課題。

Historicism is an important way to construct, identify and shape the systematic, autonomous and Chinese constitutional law knowledge system, which demands a historical shift in constitutional methodology. By reviewing the constitutional law literature over the past century, it can be found that China’s constitutional law follows the evolution of knowledge phylogenetics to have gradually formed a knowledge framework based on academic, disciplinary and discourse systems. The academic system is the core of the knowledge system, in which the conceptual system that takes “constitution” as the starting point, the principle system with “constitutionalism” as the core and the method system based on“hermeneutics” are included. As the fundamental basis of the knowledge system, the disciplinary system is jointly constituted by traditional disciplines such as Chinese constitutional law, internal interdisciplinary disciplines such as departmental constitutional law, and emerging interdisciplinary disciplines such as science and technology constitutional law. The value condensation and dissemination of the knowledge system are represented by the discourse system, and a value consensus centered on socialism is basically formed, but it is still underdeveloped with respect to international discourse power. As China’s independent knowledge framework for constitutional law is largely developed, an important topic for future constitutional law research is how to solidly promote basic theoretical research in constitutional law and accumulate China’s independent knowledge of constitutional law on this basis.