再論漢代出入關符的製作、左右與使用——從居延漢簡65.9、65.10合符談起

The Production, Positioning, and Use of Exit-Entry Tallies (Fu) in the Han Dynasty

筆者經由仔細觀察簡牘的物理特徵，佐以高倍率照片，指出史語所藏居延漢簡65.9與65.10為同一出入關符之左右兩半，可以密接重合。在此基礎之上，本文分析西北漢簡出入關符的筆跡、格式、內容與年代，重新討論出入關符的製作過程、左右與刻齒位置的關係，以及申請、發放、使用、核驗等制度，並進一步思考紛亂公文格式背後的統治與行政意義。

With the assistance of high magnification photographs, this paper presents a careful examination of the physical characteristics of Juyan Han dynasty wood slips 65.9 and 65.10 at the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, concluding that they are the left and right halves of an exit-entry certification tally (fu). The paper then analyzes the script, format, contents, and time periods of exit-entry talliesin Han dynasty slips from northwest China, discussing how the tallies were made, the relationship between the notched teeth found on the sides of the slips and the positions of left and right, and the systems and regulations of applying for, drawing up, granting, using, and verifying exit-entry tallies. In this way, we can better understand the processes of governance and administration behind complicated document formats.