宋代譯經制度新考――以宋代三部經錄為中心

A New Exploration of the Sutra Translation System in the Song Dynasty: Centering on Three Buddhist Sutra Records

宋代編撰的三部佛教目錄，《大中祥符法寶錄》《天聖釋教總錄》《景祐新修法寶錄》詳細記述了宋代譯場的設立、譯經的程式、參與譯場的僧職、監譯與潤文的朝臣宦者以及譯經上進的章表奏議，為研究宋代譯經制度，甚至整個中國古代的譯經制度提供了珍貴的資料。本文以此三部經錄為基礎，結合相關史料，從宋代譯經院的建制、譯經原本的形制與語言、譯經的程式、皇室政府對譯經人員的賞顧幾方面對宋代譯經制度進行探析，力圖將佛教目錄與譯經歷史聯繫起來，展現更為細緻的歷史圖景。文中對譯經僧職在譯場中的座次，譯經僧職的選任升遷以及賜紫衣、師號、僧官，監譯的任用等制度提出了自己的看法。

In the Song dynasty, three records of Buddhist sutras were compiled, namely the Dazhong xiangfu fabao lu (大中祥符法寶錄), Tiansheng shijiao zonglu (天聖釋教總錄) and Jingyou xinxiu fabao lu (景祐新修法寶錄), recording many aspects of the translation system for Buddhist sutras in the Song dynasty. Specifically, they recorded the establishment of the official translation institute in the Song, the process of sutra translation, the official titles for monks who participated in the translation, the officials who supervised and edited the translated sutras, as well as the memorials to the throne indicating the submission of such translated sutras. These three records are precious materials for research on the sutra translation system in the Song dynasty or even the sutra translation system in ancient China as a whole. Based on these three records and other related materials, this article explores the sutra translation system by studying the establishment of the translation institute, the format and language of translated sutras, the process of sutra translation and the royal rewards for those participating in the process. In this way, this article hopes to present a more detailed historical picture, linking the Buddhist records with the history of sutra translation. Moreover, this article presents several new ideas about the translation system, including the order of seats for monks with different positions, the selection and promotion of the monks in the translation institute, as well as the reward system.