放馬灘簡所見式占古佚書的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on a Lost Book about Cosmic Board Divination from the Fangmatan Bamboo Slips

放馬灘簡乙種《日書》中有一些與式占相關的簡文，它們組成了一篇自成系統、可獨立成篇的式占文獻。我們暫將這部古佚書命名為《鐘律式占》，並對之進行了初步復原。《鐘律式占》全篇可分為三大部分：第一部分是圍繞式圖的一系列表單和說明；第二部分是各種卦辭和占辭；第三部分是對占卜方法的說明。這三大部分相對獨立，編排順序可以互換。《鐘律式占》比後世式占簡單，是向後世成熟式占發展的一種過渡類型。《鐘律式占》應該與《漢書•藝文志》所載陰陽五行家文獻《黃鍾》等四種與鐘律有關的古書存在聯繫。

Some of the texts in Almanac (rishu 日書) Type B from the Fangmatan bamboo slips are related to a form of divination based on cosmic boards (shizhan 式占). These texts create a systemic and independent book which may be separated from Almanac Type B and entitled A Cosmic Board Divination Book on the Chinese Twelve Tones (zhonglü shizhan 鐘律式占). This work can be divided into three parts: the first part includes a series of forms and explanations centering around cosmic board diagrams (shitu 式圖); the second part contains various divination interpretations (guaci 卦辭 and zhanci 占辭); and the third part includes explanations about divination methods. These sections are relatively independent, and the order of the three can be rearranged at will. A Cosmic Board Divination Book on the Chinese Twelve Tones is simpler than later works on cosmic board divination and should be regarded as a transitional piece between early cosmic board divination books and more mature works from the Han dynasty. The book is probably related to Huangzhong (黃鐘) and three other ancient books about yin-yang and the five elements (yinyang wuxing 陰陽五行) which are recorded in the Book of Han’s bibliography section (hanshu yiwenzhi 漢書藝文志).