史語所藏《宋儒學案》在清中葉的編纂與流傳

A Songru Xue'an Edition Collected in the Institute of History and Philology: Its Compilation and Circulation in the Mid-Qing

黃宗羲晚年曾修《宋元學案》，未竟而卒，後有全祖望續修。目前坊間流行的版本，則是清道光年間王梓材、馮雲濠在整理全祖望遺稿後，由何紹基集資刊刻。王、馮二人曾作〈宋元學案考略〉，介紹《宋元學案》的各個版本，這些介紹給人一種印象，即《宋元學案》大部份成於全祖望之手，而且是單本單線流傳。本文注意到史語所藏有一部七十八卷的《宋儒學案》，在考證相關資料後，確定這部書就是過去人們尋訪未得的黃氏補本，其內容十分接近全祖望續修前的梨洲黃氏原本。利用史語所藏的《宋儒學案》，我們方才發現，〈宋元學案考略〉中有不少論斷犯了錯誤。透過版本的考訂、比對，以及相關資料的考證，我們也進一步確定，史語所藏的《宋儒學案》，應是目前所存、內容最接近梨洲黃氏原本的一部。

Song Yuan xue'an 宋元學案 (case studies of Song and Yuan learning) was complied first by Huang Zongxi 黃宗羲 (1610-1695), then taken on by Quan Zuwang 全祖望 (1705-1755); and finally finished based on Quan Zuwang's manuscript in the hands of Wang Zicai 王梓材 and Feng Yunhao 馮雲濠 in the Daoguang era of the Qing dynasty. Both Wang and Feng attached their preface to the front of the Song Yuan xue'an, introducing all versions of the manuscript for the text and making some judgments on these versions. Based on their judgments, readers are prone to assume that the work of compiling the text was mostly done by Quan Zuwang in a single line of textual transmission. However, another version of the manuscript was compiled by Huang Zongxi's descendant, Huang Zhang 黃璋, and is now collected in the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica. Its existence shows us that the textual history of the Song Yuan xue'an followed several lines of transmission, and that the contents of the text can be shown to be close to Huang Zongxi's original.