明清時代軍戶的家族關係──衛所軍戶與原籍軍戶之間

The Familial Relations between Military-households in the Wei-so (Guards and Battalions) and those in the Native Places during the Ming-Ch'ing Period

明初移民潮中有很大一部份是衛所軍人，他們的移動方向完全由政府一手操控，沒有任何的自由意志參雜其間。嘉靖以前，軍籍者例不得分戶。衛所軍戶與原籍軍戶之間受到軍差幫貼、軍役繼承規定的束縛，使得二者在基本的血緣關係之外，更多了一層有法源依據的權利義務關係。利益關係的牽扯，促使雙方關係的展開常與彼此的經濟狀況或宗族觀念的強弱相呼應。原鄉對衛所軍戶而言，其意義與一般民戶相較，宜有不同。本文即以族譜資料為主，藉實際案例發掘衛所軍戶與原籍軍戶間可能存在的各種關係，觀察制度與人情對雙方關係帶來的影響。

Of the migration tides in the early Ming, a large part was soldiers of the wei-so (Guards and Battalions system) whose relocations were totally dictated by the government regardless of their own free will. Before 1530, families registered as military-households were forbidden to divide. Families moving to the new wei-so and those staying behind were bound by the duties to inherit the military service and to provide the ensuing subsidies. Consequently, the relationship between them was not only that of consanguinity but also of rights and obligations stipulated by laws. As long as interests were concerned, their relations developed closely to their economic situations or the degree of intensity of their conviction to family. Using actual legal cases recorded in the genealogies as main sources, this essay tries to disclose various possible relations between families in the wei-so and those in the native places, and to observe the effects of institutions and human sentiments on these relations.