不同背景因素對於工作價值觀之差異性分析

Difference Analysis of Different Background Factors on Work Values

《十二年國民基本教育課程綱要》規劃十九項議題，生涯發展教育為其中一項，協助學生具備生涯規劃知能為生涯發展教育的重要學習目標。生涯規劃需綜合考量個人的能力、興趣、價值觀，其中價值觀同時受到個人背景因素與社會環境的交互影響。本研究認為，瞭解不同背景因素群體的工作價值觀，有助於思考教育手段可著力之處，故有探究此議題的必要。本研究使用「臺灣社會變遷基本調查」（Taiwan Social Change Survey, TSCS)計劃第五期、第八期兩批調查資料，將價值觀分為：外在價值觀，包含：工作保障、高收入、升遷機會，以及內在價值觀，包含：工作有趣、工作獨立、可幫助人、回饋社會、工作時長決定權，探究性別、年齡、學歷對於工作價值觀產生的影響，以瞭解工作價值觀於十年間的變化。以t-test、單因子變異數分析、雙因子變異數分析等三種統計方式，分析2005年與2015年的資料，結果顯示，（一）不同年齡分組之間存在工作價值觀差異，年輕世代更重視外在工作價值；（二）兩性工作價值觀趨向一致，都更為重視外在價值；（三）教育程度分組之間存在工作差異，高中（職）以上的男女工作價值觀趨向一致，教育程度越低越不重視工作價值。綜合發現，不同背景因素的群體都趨向於更重視外在工作價值，特別是年紀越輕、學歷越高者，越重視外在工作價值。相關研究結果提供諮商師、人資部門、成人教育工作者、教師課程設計等應用。

Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education in Taiwan lay out 19 issues, and career development is one of them. Career developing needs to comprehensively consider one’s ability, interest and value, among which values are influenced by the interaction of personal background factors and social environment. Therefore, understanding the work values of different groups helps to think about how education could help people from different background. This study used 2005 and 2015 survey data of Taiwan Social Change Survey. The work values in this study are classified into two categories, the first one is extrinsic values which are job security, high income, and opportunities for promotion, and the second one is intrinsic values which are interesting work, independent work, helping others, giving back to society, and the right to determine working hours. The research explore the impact of gender, age, and education on work values, to understand whether these work values have changed within the ten years in Taiwan. Data was analyzed by the independent sample t-test one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA, and result shows that work values among different socioeconomic groups within the ten years. The result shows: 1) the younger generation pays more attention to the extrinsic work value; 2) there is no differences in work values between man and women, and both men and women tend to pay more attention to the extrinsic work value; 3) regarding the educational level, there is no differences in work values between those who have degrees from secondary and higher education. The lower the education level, the less those people pay attention on the work value. To sum up, different socioeconomic groups tend to more emphasis on extrinsic work values, especially those who are younger and those who have higher educational level. Implications for the career counselors, HR division, adult learning educators, and curriculum designers are discussed.