浮式風機之半潛式浮臺結構初設計優化

OPTIMIZING THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE HULLS FOR FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES

隨著風能開發商開始涉足深度超過65米的深海水域，浮體式離岸風電(floating offshore wind turbine，FOWT)逐漸取代底部固定結構成為較佳方案。本文提出了用於承載15MW渦輪機的半潛式平臺設計。雖然半潛式浮式平臺起源於石油和天然氣行業並已發展成熟，但用於承載浮式風機將會需要使用與原先截然不同的設計基礎和條件限制。同時，與固定式風機相比，近期現有或仍於計劃中的浮式風機平臺多有過度使用鋼材以及尺寸過大之缺點。故本文旨在優化半潛式平臺的結構，使其盡可能具有成本效益，同時滿足以下設計考慮：強度、靜水和動態條件下的船舶穩定性、可建造性和可操作性、以及滿足各大船級協會的規範要求。通過文獻調查，收集和分析了現有半潛式項目的數據。呈現排水量與鋼材重量的比值關係以顯示近期趨勢。最後介紹本研究的示範平臺TaidaFloat，該平臺設計用於承載15MW渦輪機。其應用的目標是水深從65米到100米，並考慮在臺灣海峽部署。該平臺針對臺灣本地的建造限制和條件進行設計。其內部結構佈置已初步形成，並與近期項目比較，最後總結該設計優點及特色。

As wind energy developers begin to venture into deep-sea waters exceeding 65 meters, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) are gradually replacing bottom-fixed structures as a better solution. This paper proposes a semi-submersible platform design for carrying a 15 MW turbine. Although semi-submersible floating platforms originated from the oil and gas industry and have matured, their use for carrying floating wind turbines will require different design foundations and constraints. Furthermore, compared to fixed wind turbines, existing or planned floating wind turbine platforms have the drawbacks of excessive steel usage and oversized dimensions. Therefore, this paper aims to optimize the structure of the semi-submersible platform to make it as cost-effective as possible, while meeting the following design considerations: strength, ship stability under static and dynamic conditions, constructability, operability, and compliance with major classification societies' rule requirements. Through literature review, data from existing semi-submersible projects were collected and analyzed. The ratio between displacement and steel weight was presented to show recent trends. Finally, the demonstration platform, TaidaFloat, designed for carrying a 15 MW turbine, was introduced. Its application targets water depths from 65 meters to 100 meters and considers deployment in the Taiwan Strait. The platform was designed based on local construction limitations and conditions in Taiwan. Its internal structural arrangement has been preliminarily completed, and the advantages and features of the design were summarized.