呼吸道融合病毒與副流感病毒之介紹

Respiratory Syncytial and Parainfluenza Viruses

呼吸道融合病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)和副流感病毒(parainfluenza virus, PIV)是好發於嬰幼兒的兩種常見呼吸道病毒，傳播途徑多為飛沫傳染，可能引發上呼吸道感染、細支氣管炎或肺炎等。但事實上，成人也會感染呼吸道融合病毒和副流感病毒。大部分被感染的成人沒有症狀、或症狀輕微，但免疫不全疾病的成人，例如淋巴球低下、接受類固醇治療、血液幹細胞移植或實質器官移植的患者，可能會產生嚴重併發症，例如續發性細菌性肺炎或閉鎖性細支氣管炎等，且高達四成至五成導致肺炎或死亡。由於呼吸道融合病毒和副流感病毒在社區中流行，在新冠肺炎疫情趨緩之際，針對住院中的免疫不全病人，落實感管防護措施可以減少易感族群的感染。

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) are two respiratory viruses commonly found in children that are primarily transmitted through droplet infection. These viruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. However, adults can also be infected by these viruses. Even though the majority of infected adults are asymptomatic or exhibit mild symptoms, severe disease may develop in adults with immunocompromised conditions (for example, lymphopenia, those receiving steroid therapy, and individuals with blood stem cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation), such as pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, or bronchiolitis obliterans; among these, 40% to 50% cases may lead to respiratory failure or death. Respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses remain prevalent in the community. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak gradually subsides, it is important to implement protective measures for immunocompromised patients in hospitals to reduce infection in susceptible groups.