臺灣煤礦工人勞動與歷史文化初探

A Preliminary Exploration of Taiwan Coal Mine Workers' Labor and Historic Culture

研究旨在探討臺灣煤礦業勞動過程與勞動關係等議題，透過煤礦文史資料蒐集分析、口述歷史訪談及專家座談會等方式，深入探討臺灣煤礦業之歷史演變和煤礦工人之勞動過程。
研究首先回顧戰前臺灣煤礦之開採史，以及戰後臺灣煤礦政策發展和演變，並分析戰後煤礦產量和作業人數之變化。其次就煤礦業勞動過程部分，透過口述歷史訪談紀錄深入分析煤礦業主要勞動力來源、工作種類、包工頭制度、薪資、工時、職業災害與職業病及民間信仰與禁忌等。在勞動關係部分也探討到國家統合主義下之勞資關係、隱含的「性別歧視」國家政策和職場文化、煤礦封坑勞資抗爭之平和性，以及退休煤礦工人對政府老年社會保障之渴望等議題。研究最後提出一些研究建議和展望，包括數位保存勞動文史資料、以「人」為核心進行煤礦勞動史料保存、推動數位化、社區參與和網絡共享等方向之應用，以及推廣煤礦勞動和歷史文化教育，並善用口述歷史訪談技巧調查傳統特殊工作者之勞動過程等。
總結來說，本研究目的在蒐集與保存臺灣煤礦產業之勞動與歷史文化，並透過相關文獻及口述歷史訪談深入瞭解當時煤礦工人之勞動過程及社會生活概況，並提供未來相關產業推動公正轉型策略規劃時之參考。

The research aims to explore issues related to the labor process and labor relations in Taiwan's coal mining industry. Through the collection and analysis of coal mining historical documents, oral history interviews, and expert panel discussions, the study delves into the historical evolution of Taiwan's coal mining industry and the labor process of coal miners.
The research begins by reviewing the pre-war history of coal mining in Taiwan, as well as the post-war development and changes in coal mining policies. It also analyzes the changes in coal production and the number of workers in the post-war period. In terms of the labor process in the coal mining industry, the study conducts in-depth analysis through oral history interviews, exploring the main sources of labor, types of work, contractor system, wages, working hours, occupational hazards and diseases, as well as folk beliefs and taboos.
In terms of labor relations, the study examines the labor-capital relations under national integration, the implicit gender discrimination in national policies and workplace culture, the peaceful nature of labor-capital struggles in coal mine closures, and the retirement coal miners' aspirations for government social security provisions. The research concludes by providing some recommendations and prospects, including the digital preservation of labor historical documents, focusing on the human aspect in preserving coal mining labor records, promoting digitization, community participation, and network sharing, as well as promoting coal mining labor and historical cultural education, and utilizing oral history interview techniques to investigate the labor process of traditional and special workers.
In summary, the purpose of this study is to collect and preserve the labor and historical culture of Taiwan's coal mining industry, gaining a deep understanding of the labor process and social conditions of coal miners through relevant literature and oral history interviews, and providing insights for future strategies and plans related to promoting a just transition in related industries.