英文摘要 |
Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture due to their short-term effectiveness, with applications covering various high-value crops such as orchards, vegetable gardens, and tea gardens. Investigations have found that the domestic use of pesticides amounts to more than 30,000 to 40,000 tons, with organophosphate pesticides being the most commonly used. However, some studies have shown that organophosphate pesticides can cause poisoning by forming acetylcholinesterase enzymes in the human body, and some organophosphate pesticides have also shown potential carcinogenicity. Although previous studies have conducted comprehensive exposure investigations on farmers and pesticide manufacturing workers in our country, there is little research on the exposure and health risks of workers in emerging industries that use environmental pesticides for spraying, especially for crops that mix multiple pesticides and require long-term and high-density spraying. Therefore, the exposure status and health risks of such workers deserve in-depth investigation and discussion. This study collected and analyzed air and skin patch samples from 40 workers involved in crop spraying operations. The study subjects were all male, with an average age of 40.8±12.3 years, and 97.5% of them wore respiratory protective equipment during work, but 60% did not wear gloves. The air sampling analysis results for seven organophosphate pesticides, including dimethoate, phoxim, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, and monocrotophos, showed that the detection rates in air samples were mainly for diazinon and dimethoate, at 93% and 68%, respectively, while pirimiphos-methyl and monocrotophos were not detected. In terms of skin exposure, diazinon had the highest detection rate and dose, followed by dimethoate, while pirimiphos-methyl was not detected. As for air concentration, diazinon had the highest concentration, and the ADDRE value of pesticide exposure through respiratory exposure for workers was 9.19μg/kg/day, while the average ADDDE value for exposure through skin was 78.15μg/kg/day. In addition, according to the risk estimation MOS value of the exposure concentration in the work environment, it was found that there was no acute toxic risk of pesticide exposure for workers, but there was still a risk of chronic toxicity, with the highest exposure risk coming from diazinon. In view of this, this study recommends that workers engage in spraying operations using different safety measures according to the toxicity and different exposure routes of different pesticides, and that they should wear complete personal protective equipment throughout the process. Especially during off-work or rest periods, it is recommended that workers perform simple washing or changing clothes to reduce skin absorption, and pesticide sprayers should receive training from pesticide proxy spray technicians to establish correct pesticide use and safety measures. |