憲法法庭審查大法庭裁定之裁判效力

The Effects of Constitutional Court’s Review on the Decisions of the Grand Chamber

為避免裁判歧異，我國過去以判例或決議作為統一裁判見解之機制，惟此機制始終受到僭越立法權及干預審判獨立的質疑。2019年施行的大法庭制度固終結了此項合憲性爭議，惟伴隨憲法訴訟法於2022年施行，由此衍生的問題則為，大法庭所為裁定，是否仍得如判例或決議一般為憲法法庭所審查。就此，司法院司法行政廳表示，大法庭裁定為中間裁定，與判例或決議有本質不同，是人民不得聲請憲法法庭審查大法庭裁定。然由於此項見解似未考慮大法庭裁定在規範上拘束終局裁判，且並未論及法院得否循具體規範審查之途徑聲請憲法審查，因此似有進一步討論之必要。此外，假使憲法法庭得以大法庭裁定為審查對象，其裁判之效力為何，亦應值研究。基此，本文將於確定大法庭裁定得否，以及應循何途徑聲請憲法法庭審查後，分別就一般訴訟法理所生之共通效力及憲法訴訟法賦予之特殊效力，說明憲法法庭裁判具有之諸效力，並在此基礎上嘗試闡明以大法庭裁定為審查對象的憲法法庭裁判得具有何等效力。

Taiwan in the past has relied on precedents or resolutions to avoid inconsistent jurisdiction. However, this model has been questioned for decades as it may interfere with independence of the judiciary and with legislation. The establishment of the institution of the Grand Chamber in 2019 has finally put an end to this controversy. With the entry into force of the Constitutional Process Act in 2022, new issue has raised regarding the decisions of the Grand Chamber if it can be reviewed by the Constitutional Court in the same way as precedents or resolutions. Therefore, the Judicial Administration Department of the Judicial Yuan stated that the Grand Chamber’s decision was an interlocutory ruling, which was fundamentally different from a precedent or resolution. An individual could not seek for judicial review of the Grand Chamber’s ruling before the Constitutional Court. Since this comment does not consider the fact that the decision of the Grand Chamber is normatively binding final decision, therefore, further discussion seems necessary to address whether the Court may seek concrete judicial review. It is worth examining the effects of the decisions of Constitutional Court. On this basis, this article studies whether the decision of the Grand Chamber can be reviewed by the Constitutional Court and, if so, by what procedure it can be done. This article explains the effects of decisions of the Constitutional Court according to the general effects arising from general procedural law and the special effects arising from Constitutional Process Act, after finding out whether the decisions of the Grand Chamber can be reviewed by the Constitutional Court and how to seek review by the Constitutional Court.