與至聖之靈相通：鄧逢光與徐謙的儒教實踐

Encounter with Confucius’Spirit: The Confucian Religious Practice by Deng Fengguang and Xu Qian

鄧逢光（1769-1845）是江西地方小儒，畢生虔敬實踐奉聖（敬崇孔子）與養性之學。他的思想有鮮明的宗教色彩，以儒教為主而會通三教。鄧逢光相信透過奉聖工夫，人之心神可與聖人之靈、太虛之神相通，達到天人合一之境；奉聖工夫亦即養性之學。鄧逢光生前門人不多，其學在徐謙（1776-1864）等弟子的推廣下，獲得進一步傳播。本文主要研究鄧逢光的思想及其學問的傳承，全文分為兩部分：一、探討鄧逢光奉聖與養性之學的思想意涵；二、介紹鄧逢光的門人及其學問之傳播，將說明弟子徐謙從學鄧逢光的經過，並討論徐謙的學問與實踐如何受鄧逢光的影響，以及其如何透過乩壇、講學、出版等活動，傳播鄧逢光的學問。

Deng Fengguang (1769-1845) was a local Confucian in Jiangxi province. Although he was mainly a Confucian, he in fact synthesized the Three Teachings and believed the spirit possession and spirit writing. Deng engaged the practice of the reverence for sages, which he thought as the same as the cultivation of human nature. Through the practice, he pursued to encounter with Confucius' spirit and to unify heaven and humanity. Deng Fengguang's teachings spread widely and gained more influence in the hands of his disciples, especially in those of Xu Qian (1776-1864).
This paper aims firstly to study the thought and practice of Deng Fengguang, and then move to discuss Deng's disciples and their efforts to promote Deng’s teachings. The first part will expound Deng Fengguang's ideas and practice of reverence for sagesand the cultivation of human nature. The second part will discuss Deng Fengguang's disciples and the publication of his works. With the focus on Xu Qian, we discuss how Deng Fengguang shaped Xu Qian's learning, and how Xu Qian helped to promote Deng's teachings. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the religious characteristics of Deng's and Xu's practice, and the propagation of their teachings during the late Qing.