日譜與明末清初思想家──以顏李學派為主的討論

Moral Diaries and Late Ming and Early Ch'ing Intellectuals

本文是一篇思想史與生活史相結合的研究，旨在說明四事：第一，晚明通俗宗教及善書的流行與明末清初修身日記的大量出現；第二，修身日記反映十七世紀思想界的幾種變化，包括由玄轉實，由悟轉修的傾向；第三，在晚明那種知識份子群體性活動風起雲湧，動輒千百人的講會逐步消歇，老師與學生當面印證的場合漸少之後，日記所扮演的角色，以及規過會的興起，還有它們反映的嚴格主義的風氣；第四，修身日記的流通仍侷限在士大夫，不像功過格等善書那樣普及群眾，反映一種平民精神的衰退，而由日記的內容中又可以看出社會救濟色彩的衰落，以及天與祓罪等宗教色彩的平淡等現象。

Moral Diaries flourished in the late Ming and Early Ch'ing period, and a considerable number of examples are readily available in collections of literati writings. The emergence of this genre has important implications for our understanding of the intellectual history of the period. First, Confucian scholars produced a plethora of moral diaries inspired by the example of Yuan Huang's ''Ledgers of Merit and Demerit''. Second, moral diaries from this period reflect deep feelings of moral guilt. Third, apart from their use in individual programs of moral self-transformation, moral diaries also had a didactic function: to teach students how to act ethically. Many other dimensions of moral diaries are also explored. Besides, I depict the intellectual background lies behind the rise of this genre and to trace how it influenced the course of intellectual history during the early Ch'ing.