戰國至秦的符節──以實物資料為主

A Study of Tallies (fu-chieh符節) from the Warring States Era to the Ch'in Dynasty － with Emphasis on Artifacts

本文中共討論八件楚國「王命 = 𬨼賃」節，三件齊國熊、馬、虎節，三件燕國鷹、雁節，皆與戰國傳遽制度有關。文中另討論南越王墓「王命 = 車𩡶」虎節、秦杜虎符、新郪虎符、陽陵虎符，以及疑偽的東郡虎符，和兩件被誤認為秦兵符的符節，並略述漢代虎符的演變，為戰國秦漢以虎符發兵提供見證。本文以戰國至秦亡這一段時間為範圍，以可見的符節銘文摹本、拓本及照片為基礎，從古文字學的立場，討論這些符節的銘文、時代、國別、真偽等問題，對這些符節實物給予清楚的定位，並配合相關文獻及新出秦簡、楚簡等資料和各家意見，對古代符節和傳遽制度做具體的說明。

In this paper I discuss a number of tallies used in Warring States Message relay system. I also discuss a number of military tallies and their evolution during the Warring States, and Ch'in periods. I analyze the tallies' inscriptions, periodization, national origins, and authenticity from the perspective of studies on ancient writings. I also use data from Ch'in and Ch'u bamboo strips, as well as other sources, to explore the institutional characteristics of these ancient tallies, and the message relay system they were a part of.