臺灣土著語言的詞音位轉換

MORPHOPHONEMIC ALTERNATIONS IN FORMOSAN LANGUAGES

本文把現象紛雜的各種臺灣土著語言的詞音位轉換（morphophonemic alternations），理出幾條通則來。希望所得的結果不僅有助於通盤瞭解臺灣土著語言的音韻系統，而且對一般音韻學理論也有一些貢獻，提供許多有趣的實例。雖然各種臺灣土著語言的詞音位轉換現象並不相同，但它們的出現卻都取決於兩個相同的基本因素：（一）出現在字界或語位界限，（二）重音的位置。

Although morphophonemic alternations vary to a great extent in Formosan languages, their occurrences are determined by the same two main factors: (1) affixation, i.e. in word or morpheme boundary, and (2) the position of stress. The stressed vowels retain their full vocalic qualities, whereas the unstressed vowels may be weakened or reduced to zero, depending on the individual language. Word-final segments, consonants or vowels, tend to be neutralized, weakened or lost. The alternations mostly involve the processes of neutralization, weakening, deletion, assimilation and occasionally dissimilation and metathesis.