Effect of Concentration Catalyst in Production and Physicochemical Properties of Frying Cooking Oil and Neem Oil Mixture

Effect of Concentration Catalyst in Production and Physicochemical Properties of Frying Cooking Oil and Neem Oil Mixture

Industrialization and the rapid growth of the population have resulted in a substantial increase in energy demand in recent years, along with adverse environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. The biodiesel production process in this study involves the utilization of feedstock with a mixture of frying cooking oil and neem oil. The study employs two methods: esterifica¬tion using an acid catalyst (H2SO4) and transesterification utilizing a base catalyst (KOH). The production process commences with the degumming process using H3PO4. Subsequently, the esterification process is conducted for 90 minutes at 1000 rpm. The trans¬esterification process performed a KOH with varying concentrations (0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, and 1.50%) at a temperature of 60℃, a rotation speed of 1000 rpm, and 1.5 hours. The methyl ester has various characteristics, including viscosity, density, acid number, calorific value, oxidation, flash point, and iodine number. The findings reveal that the optimal yield value is obtained when using a catalyst concentration of 1.00 % KOH, resulting in a yield of 96.2%. Moreover, the biodiesel characteristic conducted on the mix¬ture of frying cooking oil and neem oil showed that the biodiesel properties meet the requirements stipulated in the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards for biodiesel. Notably, adding 1.00 % KOH to the mixture of frying cooking oil and neem oil significantly enhances the characteristic properties of the biodiesel, as evidenced by an oxidation stability of 10.5 hours, thereby making the energy content of the biodiesel comparable to diesel fuel.