品質機能展開研究五十年回顧：主路徑分析

A 50-year Review of QFD Literature: Main Path Analysis

「品質機能展開」或稱為「品質屋」源於日本，再傳至美國、歐洲，至今已歷五十年，被各國廣泛應用於各種產業，也產出幾篇回顧論文。然而，這些回顧論文尚無從主路徑分析觀點，以時間軸探討研究發展的歷程及其分分合合現象。爰此，本研究從SCOPUS資料庫蒐集將近五千篇論文，並以主路徑分析作系統性分析。研究後發現：相關論文年發表逐年增加，研究國家從已開發國家擴散至開發中國家；以量而言，台灣為第三大發表國家；研究方法主要結合MCDM、MADM、MODM等工具，近年導入MRDM、Z機率模型及大數據分析方法；應用方面則從產品開發、設計，衍伸至服務設計、環境評估、供應鏈評估、綠能及多種產業應用案例等。展望未來，隨著MCDM方法進步及開發中國家相關研究越來越多，應該會有更多新方法導入及新應用案例產生。

Quality Function Deployment (QFD)—commonly called “The House of Quality” (HOQ) referencing the commonly used HOQ diagram used by product development teams during the initial stage of the QFD process—was first introduced in Japan in 1971 and then later spread to the United States and Europe. Over the last 50 years, QFD has not only been implemented in various industries in numerous countries but has also been the subject of multiple review papers. However, these review papers have not yet performed a main path analysis of the development of QFD research nor have they used a time axis to explore the development of the research with regard to the phenomena of divergence and convergence. In this study, we collected nearly 5,000 papers from the Scopus database and analyzed them systematically via main path analysis. The research methodology of QFD mainly combines MCDM, MADM, MODM, and other tools; in recent years, MRDM, Z-number, and big data analysis methods have been introduced. The application of MCDM has been extended from product development and design to service design, environmental assessment, supply chain assessment, green energy, and various industrial applications. In the future, with the advancement of MCDM methods and the increasing number of related studies in developing countries, there should be even more novel methods introduced and applications generated.