我國身心障礙收容人出監轉銜服務需求之專家與實務工作者訪談研究

An Empirical Study on the Needs of Transition Services for Inmates with Disabilities Released from Prisons in Taiwan

身心障礙者權利公約與禁止酷刑公約，均揭示人權適用於所有人。與其他人一樣，收容人有做為人的基本權利，國家只能剝奪被拘留或監禁者的自由。其中，更生人出獄後，面臨著無數挑戰與障礙，而身心障礙更生人無疑是更為弱勢的一群。參照相關國際公約規定，政府應採取適當措施介入以維護其作為人的基本權利。更生保護工作目標主要是維護公眾安全，避免更生人再次犯罪而遭到傷害，及讓更生人復歸社會。但對於身心障礙的收容人，考量其特殊狀況，在出監之前，應該予以轉銜服務。但出監的身心障礙收容人其需求情況如何？較一般更生人，除了原有的更生保護措施外，是否有其他額外的需求？
本文整理相關文獻，發現身心障礙更生人至少有五項需求：一、出獄前轉銜；二、醫療連續性；三、社交網絡支持；四、就業；及，五、藥酒癮戒治支持等。至於台灣的狀況為何？經以17位相關實務工作者與學者專家進行深度訪談，接續並舉辦2場次焦點團體座談會，有以下八點研究結論，供相關單位參考：一、我國身心障礙更生人的跨網絡服務模式尙待建立；二、年長更生人增加，挑戰性大，保護措施需求不同以往；三、精神障礙更生人安置上易面臨困難；四、收容期間取得福利身分有助更生人出監轉銜；五、政府應持續推動身心障礙收容人跨網絡合作平台；六、更生保護會應建置更生人資料管理系統以利照護追蹤；七、盤點社政、衛政的服務模式，落實全程照護概念；及，八、政府應對現行更生保護資源進行完整盤點。

《The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities》and《The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment》emphasize that human rights apply to all human. Prisoners have fundamental rights of human beings, like everyone else, and the government can only deprive those who are detained or imprisoned of their liberty. It is worth noting that rehabilitated persons face numerous challenges and obstacles after they are released from prison, and rehabilitated persons with disabilities are undoubtedly a more vulnerable group. Referring to relevant international conventions, the government should take appropriate measures to intervene to safeguard its basic human rights. The goal of rehabilitation protection work is to maintain public safety, prevent rehabilitated persons from re-offending, and allow rehabilitated persons to return to society. But what about the needs of the physically and mentally handicapped detainees released from prison? Compared with ordinary rehabilitated persons, besides the original protection measures for rehabilitated persons, are there any other additional needs?
This article sorts out relevant literature and finds that there are at least five needs for rehabilitated persons with disabilities: 1.Transfer services before leaving prison; 2.Medical treatment must be continuous; 3.Provide social network support; 4.Provide employment opportunities; and, 5.Continuous drug and alcohol addiction treatment. What about current situation in Taiwan? After in-depth interviews with 17 relevant practitioners, scholars and experts, followed by two focus-group-interviews, the research has the following eight research conclusions for reference by relevant government agencies: 1.The cross-network service model for disabled rehabilitated persons in Taiwan has yet to be established; 2.The number of elderly rehabilitated persons is increasing, which is challenging, and the need for protection measures is different from the past; 3.Difficulties in the resettlement of rehabilitated persons with mental disabilities; 4.During detention period, obtaining a welfare status can help rehabilitated persons to leave prison; 5.The government should continue to promote a cross-network cooperation platform for inmates with disabilities; 6.The rehabilitation protection association should establish a data management system for rehabilitated persons to facilitate care tracking; 7.Take stock of the service models of social administration and sanitation, and implement the concept of whole-course care; and, 8.The government should conduct a complete inventory of current rehabilitation protection resources.