考量多目標最佳化及建築師規劃偏好之街屋規劃效率評估

Planning Efficiency Assessments of Street Houses considering the Tradeoffs of Multi-Objective Optimization Problems and Architect’s Planning Preferences

一般而言，建築師於規劃設計建築物時，經常將建築物之機能、安全、經濟及美觀列為四項重要規劃目標。但這些目標彼此之間常產生衝突，造成建築師規劃設計建築物時的無所適從，如何權衡這些衝突目標即為多目標最佳化問題。此外，目前的建築物規劃效率評估方法，大部份僅客觀地評估建築物單一目標的效率，較少考量建築師的主觀規劃偏好，無法反應建築物規劃設計具有主客觀因素的本質，如何發展兼顧主客觀因素的規劃效率評估方法，乃成為一個值得研究的課題。據營建署2015年住宅調查資料統計，街屋約占住宅類型中49.20%之比例，本論文即以此重要的建築型態為研究對象，探討建築師於規劃設計階段時，如何有效解決多目標最佳化問題。所採用的研究方法包含:模糊理論、無異曲線、效率前緣以及資料包絡分析法。模糊理論可發展建築師的偏好函數;無異曲線可定義建築師的規劃偏好及權重;效率前緣理論則可以從街屋案例中，以資料包絡分析法求出較有效率的一群案例，此群案例可建構出街屋之效率前緣曲線，做為建築師評估街屋規劃效率的依據。本論文即以上述理論，發展新的規劃效率評估方法。並以台灣地區的街屋為實證案例，以詮釋所發展的方法論。從研究結果中可得知，本論文所發展的方法論，可適切解決建築物多目標最佳化及建築師規劃偏好之問題。研究成果可提供建築師使用，所發展的研究方法亦可供學術界後續研究的參考。

Generally speaking, architects often regard the function, safety, economy and aesthetics of the buildings as four important targets. However, these planning targets usually conflict with each other, which often confuses architects when planning buildings. How to trade off these conflicting targets is a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP). Besides, most of the current building efficiency assessment methods only objectively evaluate the single target of building efficiency, but seldom consider the subjective planning factors of architects. How to develop a planning efficiency evaluation method that integrates subjective and objective factors has become a topic worthy of exploration. According to the statistics of the 2015 housing survey of Construction and Planning Agency, street houses occupied 49.20% of the housing types. This paper takes this important building type as the research object to study how architects can effectively solve the MOOP during the planning and design stage. The research methods include: fuzzy theory, indifference curve, efficient frontier and data envelopment analysis. Through the principles of fuzzy theory, the architect’s preference function can be developed. With the help of indifference curve, the planning preferences and weights of architects can be defined. The efficient frontier theory is used to find the optimal efficient cases from the street houses via data envelopment analysis. The efficient frontier curve of street houses can be constructed by this group of cases, and can be used as a basis for architects when evaluating the planning efficiencies of the street houses. This paper developed a new planning efficiency assessment method based on the above theories, taking the street houses in Taiwan as empirical cases to interpret the developed methodologies. The research results show that the methodologies developed in this paper can properly solve the buildings’multi-objective optimization problems and the architects' planning preferences. These results can be used by architects, and the developed methodologies can also be utilized as a reference for academia.