刑法行為人主義的辨析及其價值

The Discernment of Criminal Law Actorism and Its Value

刑法主觀主義通常對應刑法行為人主義，刑法客觀主義對應刑法行為主義，二者的爭論在西方刑法學說史上的地位舉足輕重。我國大多數學者會選擇行為主義的立場，對行為人主義存在明顯忽視，刑法行為人主義也曾成為眾矢之的。但是，行為人主義其實不乏具有諸多可以借鑒之處，它在我國日益繁榮的刑法學研究中不應該被淡忘，對此有必要重提行為人主義，以充分發揮行為人主義的理論與實踐價值。行為人主義貫穿刑法始終，其至少應分別從刑法觀、犯罪論與刑罰論三個層次逐一進行分析。近些年來的刑法修正案也涉及到諸多的行為人主義思想內容，像預防刑法、犯罪人處遇方式的發展、犯罪圈的擴張範圍等。在理論上，應當主動運用行為人主義的視角與內容，去合理解釋這些現實問題，對於不合理的地方也應當結合行為主義及時進行合理的刑罰限縮。在行為主義佔據絕對優勢地位的情形下，重提行為人主義，既是對未來刑法學發展的合理預見，也是對當下刑法的範圍保持清醒認知。

The debate between criminal law subjectivism, which usually corresponds to criminal law actorism, and criminal law objectivism, which corresponds to criminal law behaviorism, has been of significant importance in the history of Western criminal law, while most scholars in China would choose the position of behaviorism, and there is a clear ignorance of actorism, and criminal law actorism has also become a target of the public. However, there is much to learn from actorism, which should not be forgotten in China’s increasingly prosperous study of criminal law. It is necessary to revisit actorism to give full play to its theoretical and practical value. It should be analyzed at least at three levels: criminal law perspectives, crime theory, and punishment theory, respectively. The recent amendments to criminal law have also involved many elements of the idea of actorism, such as preventive criminal law, the development of the treatment of offenders, and the expansion of the scope of the crime circle. Theoretically, we should take the initiative to use the perspective and content of actorism to reasonably explain these real-life problems and to reasonably restrict the punishment for unreasonable areas in conjunction with actorism promptly. With the absolute dominance of behaviorism, the reintroduction of actorism is both a reasonable foresight of the future development of criminal law and a sober awareness of the scope of criminal law at present.