論殘障人信息無障礙權：數字時代下的理論重構

“無障礙”是聯合國《殘疾人權利公約》確認的基本原則之一。在數字時代，殘障人的信息無障礙權具有特殊重要性，是殘障人平等參與社會交往、充分享受經濟社會權利的前提條件。學界主流意見將平等服務作為殘障人無障礙權的理論基礎，信息無障礙權被視為無障礙權利從物理空間向信息空間的橫向延展。這樣一個市場導向的、將殘障人作為消費者的保護路徑已經不能適應數字時代全面保護殘障人信息無障礙權的要求。有必要在學理上引入數字公民身份理論，以此重構殘障人信息無障礙權的基礎理論，重申殘障人保護的人權模式，關注殘障人在構建信息無障礙過程中的主體性和參與性，通過殘障視角來構架信息社會的秩序、標準、原則和價值。該理論要求從殘障的視角批判地審視數字時代的信息基礎設施建設和網絡服務，積極推進我國信息無障礙法制建設，從而建設一個民主、包容、可持續、普遍參與、共同受益的信息社會。

Accessibility is one of the general principles enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In the digital era, the right to information accessibility has particular significance as it constitutes the preconditions for persons with disabilities to equally participate in society and fully enjoy economic and social rights. The idea of equal service is recognized by the mainstream scholarship as the theoretical foundation for accessibility by persons with disabilities, and information accessibility is seen as an extension of the accessibility right from the physical space to digital space. Yet such a market-based approach, in conceiving persons with disabilities as consumers, can hardly meet the need of offering sufficient protection to persons with disabilities in the digital era. A reconceptualization of right to information accessibility on the basis of digital citizenship is necessary and useful. By highlighting the human rights model of disability protection, the digital citizenship approach focuses on the subjectivity and participation of persons with disabilities in developing information accessibility, and attempts to construct the order, standards, principles and values from the perspective of disability. The research also offers a critical examination of the ongoing information infrastructure and internet service from the perspective of disability and advocates the affirmative legislations on the information accessibility with the aims to develop a democratic, inclusive, sustainable, participatory, and benefit-sharing information society.