論股權的法律性質──以成員權之法教義學構造為中心

股權之首要含義，應指股東地位或股東法律關係，既包括各具體股東權利，又內含各項股東義務要素。之所以能將股東法律關係抽象成概括性股權概念，在於其中的股東權利要素在功能上居於主宰地位，各義務要素僅起輔助性作用。股東地位之股權化，其法教義學意義，在於股權得成為權利客體，從而便利股權讓與、股權質權等制度的構建。概括性股權以及內含於其中的各具體股東權利，又有獨特的“元權”結構；各具體股東權利與概括性股權間，原則上遵循“禁止分離原則”。

The primary meaning of share should refer to the shareholder status or the shareholder legal relationship formed in accordance with the articles of incorporation, which includes both specific shareholder rights and shareholder duties. The abstraction of shareholder status into a generalized concept of share is due to the fact that the shareholder rights are functionally dominant and the shareholder duties only play a supplementary role. The legal dogmatical significance of using the term “share” to indicate the shareholder status is that the share can become the object of rights, thus facilitating the construction of systems such as share transfer and share pledge. The generalized share and the specific shareholder rights embodied in it have a unique “meta-right” (Stammrecht) structure; and the separation of specific shareholder rights from the generalized share is in principle prohibited (Abspaltungsverbot).