數位市場競爭政策與經濟秩序觀點──以歐盟數位市場法為思考

Digital Market Competition Policy and Economic Order: Reflections on EU Digital Market Law

我國公平交易委員會於2022年12月發布「數位經濟與競爭政策白皮書」，以說明現階段我國認為數位經濟下新興競爭影響，不過對於未來數位市場競爭的政策取向，以及對於國際間管制干預趨勢應採取什麼立場，卻相當不明確。相較於此，歐盟方面自2020年年底提出的數位市場法（Digital Market Act）於2022年7月份經由歐洲理事批准後生效，已於2023年5月2日正式適用。如此迅速的立法進程，當然與歐盟競爭法多元目的背景，及其對市場競爭過程隱含著一公平秩序的想像尤具關係。
基此，本文回顧秩序經濟自由主義（Ordoliberalism）的概念與主張，梳理數位市場法管制手段的設計思維，從而說明歐盟競爭政策對市場選擇自由追求的論述架構。將上述立法背景與脈絡的觀察對應至我國，檢驗我國競爭法政策的憲法解釋空間後，本文認為從憲法增修條文第10條第3項中小企業生存空間的指引，應可作為我國競爭政策與市場管制手段兼容的取徑，故競爭法在政策上仍有選擇事前管制措施的可能，以作為促進競爭的手段。最後指出我國數位市場競爭政策，迫切需要為競爭法目的探詢更廣泛的視角，以開啟我國數位市場競爭與管制的立法政策對話基礎。

The Fair Trade Commission (FTC) of Taiwan has released its draft of the White Paper on Competition Policy in the Digital Economy in March 2022, to illustrate the present stage of FTC think digital economy under the new competition. Meanwhile, the Digital Market Act (DMA), proposed by the EU was approved by the European Council in July 2022 and is expected to come into force in the second quarter of 2023. There is a clear difference between the two policies regarding the trend of control measures and the position under market competition they should take.
In order to fully explore the policy orientation of EU digital market competition above the digital market act, this article reviews the concept and proposition of Ordoliberalism. And illustrates the discourse framework of EU competition policy towards the pursuit of freedom of market choice.
To the observation of the law system corresponding to Taiwan, this article argues that article 10(3) of the Amendment of the Constitution, the direction of small and medium-sized enterprise survival space should be as our competition policy compatible with market regulation means,
And competition law within the policy is still likely to handle regulation, as a way to promote competition. As such context of policy may start the legislative policy dialogue foundation for digital market competition and control.