西夏文字中的漢字漢語成分

Chinese Elements in the Tangut Script

西元一○三六年頒布的西夏文字，一般咸認為受了漢字漢語相當大的影響。本文探討西夏文字中的漢字漢語成分，首先舉例說明西夏文字的構成大致係據「六書」的原理；繼而指出西夏文字中若干表面上看來似乎非常特殊的造字方法如：一、互換左右偏傍造同義字的方法，二、利用否定詞造會意字的方法，及三、併合反切上下字造併音字的方法等，實乃受當時通行的漢字俗字影響而然（這些俗字均收錄在西元九九七年遼釋行均所編的龍龕手鑑一書中），並非另出機杼或別有來源。

The Tangut script as promulgated in 1036 is generally regarded as one of the most complicated writing systems in the world. Due to the efforts of many s::holars, e:;p~cially Lo Fu-ch'ang (1914), Nishida (1951, 1964, 1966), Kycanov ( 1954) etc. and to the translation of the Wen-hai and the Wen-hai tsa-lei into Russian by Soviet scholars (see Keping et al. 1969), we have come to understand the composition of quite a number of Tangut characters. There is no doubt that in the formation of the Tangut script the Chinese writing system played an important part, but it remains obscure exactly what kind of influence the Chinese writing system exerted on the Tangut script.