台籍日語作家李琴峰的《彼岸花盛開之島》研究——性別的貴種流離及烏托邦的翻轉

A Study of The Island of Blooming Lycoris Radiata On the Other Side by Taiwanese――Japanese Writer Li Qinfeng――Kishu Ryūri（貴種流離）of Gender and the Twist of Utopia

台籍日語作家李琴峰，2021年成為史上第一位台灣籍芥川獎獎得主。獲獎作《彼岸花盛開之島》（原名《彼岸花が咲く島》，東京：文藝春秋，2021年。中譯本李琴峰譯，聯合文學，2022年6月），旨在描寫從〔日本之國〕飄流到〔島〕上的少女宇実失去記憶，受到島民少女游娜和少年拓慈的照顧。試著融入由女性祭司傳承歷史、管理社會秩序的〔島〕上生活。身為外來者，被命令要學習〔女語〕成為祭司乃呂時，發現與自己的母語相似，也感到深愛〔島〕的拓慈，因性別無法公開學習的荒謬，於是漸漸迫近〔島〕的歷史的真相。
本文以貴種流離譚的繼承與開展、性別／酷兒理論、（反）烏托邦研究視角，來詮釋其中的性別秩序反轉的描寫。試圖解釋其對歷史與性別的嘲諷如何作用？與中山可穗《愛之國》的互文以及沖繩與台灣民俗的共性，如何產生時空交混，生發酷兒閱讀的可能及意義。進而成功諧擬烏托邦，滲透反烏托邦元素，藉此翻轉與重構的手法。

Li Qinfeng, aTaiwanese-Japanese writer, became the first Taiwanese winner of the Akutagawa Prize in 2021.“The Island of Blooming Lycoris Radiata On the Other Side”(Bungeishunju, 2021；UNITAS Publishing Co. ,2022) is about ayoung girl, Umi, who lost her memory and was taken care of by ayoung islander, Yuna, and ayoung boy, Tatsu, after drifting to the Island from the Land of“Japan”(ひのもとぐに). She tried to integrate into the life on the island, where the priestesses were responsible for passing down history and keeping the society in order. As an outsider, when she was ordered to learn the“Jyogo”(female language) to become a“Noro”, she found that it was similar to her mother tongue. She also saw the absurdity that Tatsu, who deeply loved this island, couldn’t learn in the public because of his gender.
This article first attempts to clarify how the depiction of gender reversal as afeature of irony upon history and gender from the perspectives of the kishu ryūri (貴種流離), gender／queer theory, and (anti-)utopian studies. It also intends to elucidate how the commonalities between Okinawan and Taiwanese folklore give rise to the possibility and meaning of queer literature regarding the depiction of gender in novels. It then discusses how the work makes parody over utopia and portrays anti-utopia in order to infer the reversal and reconstruction of the two.