李渝文學的憂鬱政治：以〈待鶴〉為中心的考察

“Waiting for the Cranes”and the Politics of Melancholia in Li Yu’s Writings

李渝是當代臺灣，乃至於華語文學重要的作家。而在李渝起伏跌宕的生命過程中，憂鬱乃是貫串其人寫作的核心元素：憂鬱在李渝文學中既是風格，也是主題。本文以〈待鶴〉作為切入點，嘗試對李渝文學所體現的「憂鬱之為非凡」的精神，建立初步的解釋模型。〈待鶴〉是李渝在郭松棻逝世以後（2005），久違的小說作品（2010）。在〈待鶴〉中，李渝除了紀念她與郭松棻的愛情，透過重寫自己此前的故事，乃至致意中日作家的經典作品，她也反思一路走來信守的政治意識形態。在這個意義上，〈待鶴〉的憂鬱表述所涉及的就不僅僅是李渝個人生涯的轉折，它也涵蓋李渝對臺灣、乃至華語世界地緣政治的批判，有其複雜的政治面向。為求更進一步概念化李渝文學的憂鬱所彰顯的政治性，本文將借助當代批判理論圍繞憂鬱的相關言說，尤其鎖定從佛洛伊德、班雅明，以迄於左翼憂鬱的論述系譜。

Li Yu is one of the most prominent writers both in contemporary Taiwanese and Sinophone literary spheres. In pursuit of either the modernist innovation or the leftist revolution, no matter where Li Yu set her trajectory, she always stayed with her beloved partner, Kuo Song-fen. Therefore, after Kuo Song-fen passed away in 2005, Li Yu had suffered from melancholia for years, which caused her writing to fall into discontinuation. “Waiting for the Cranes” demonstrates a ritual sense of mourning, inasmuch as it is a piece in which Li Yu referred to Kuo Song-fen. In “Waiting for the Cranes”, Li Yu, on one hand, reminisced about her relationships with Kuo; on the other hand, she reflected on the situation which a diasporic female writer faced, and reinvestigated into the political ideology by which a Baodiao activist abided. Overall, not only is “Waiting for the Cranes” a text that reflects Li Yu’s vicissitudes in her literary career, it is but also an example that epitomizes how a Taiwanese writer overcomes the complex of “obsession with China,” and showcases how a Sinophone writer considers the possibilities of “the political.” Based on prior scholarships on Li Yu’s works, this paper takes a special notice of the elaborate intertextuality lying in the narration of “Waiting for the Cranes.” Furthermore, in order to manifest the potentialities of the intertextuality, this study also draws upon the contemporary theories on the “melancholia” and “mourning,” particularly those proposed by Freud and Benjamin. Drawing inspiration from Li Yu's ''Waiting for the Cranes,'' this paper aims to establish a framework that serves as a starting point for exploring the theme of ''melancholia'' in Li’s fictions.